Sunday, 14 May 2017

Energy Transfer In And Between Organisms: - Light Independent Reaction

- Light Independent Reaction -
The Calvin Cycle - 

The products of the light dependent reaction is ATP and reduced NADP // both used to reduce glycerate-3-phosphate. 
This would have occur with or without light



Image result for the calvin cycle



1. The CO₂ diffuses into the leaf through the stomata // dissolves in water around the walls of mesophyll cells // diffuses through the cytoplasm and chloroplast membrane into the stomata of chloroplast. 
2. In stroma CO₂ reacts with 5 carbon compound   // catalysed by enzyme ribulous bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco)
3. Reaction CO₂ + RuBP = 2X 3-carbon glycerate 3-phosphate.
4. Reduced NADP from light dependent reaction, reduces glycerate 3-phosphatetriose phosphate using energy supplied by ATP. 
5. NADP is re-formed // goes back into the light dependent reaction = gaining protons
6. Triose phosphate converted into organic substances // starch, cellulose, lipids, glucose, amino acids, and nucleotides
7. Most triose phophate is used to generate ribulose bisphosphate // ATP is used from Light Dependent Reaction . 





Site of the light-independent reaction -

Chloroplast is adapted in carrying out the light independent reaction of photosynthesis. 

The stroma contains a fluid with all the enzymes needed for the light independent reaction. Stromal fluid is membrane-bound in the chloroplast

The stroma fluid surrounds the grana // products of light dependent stage in grana can diffuse into stroma 

Contains DNA and ribosomes // can quickly and easily manufacture some of the proteins involved in the light-independent reaction. 

























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